Etiopathogenesis and clinical manifestations of retinopathy of prematurity and aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity

ABSTRACT

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vascular proliferative disease of the retina that occurs in preterm infants, causing blindness in approximately 50,000 children worldwide.

Aim: The purpose of this review is to summarize the current literature on the etiopathogenesis and clinical manifestations of ROP and aggressive posterior ROP (APROP), based on the analysis of published data.

Methods: About 80 sources of literature published on the topic of research over the past 10 years were studied, the main aspects of the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, concomitant conditions and predisposing factors of both ROP and APROP were considered.

Results: The significance of a number of factors (gestational age, fetal weight at birth, the presence of infection, lipid metabolism disorders, etc.) in the development of retinal angiogenesis disorders in premature newborns was highlighted. The numerous, often contradictory data and interaction of factors affecting the likelihood of the formation and development ofROP and APROP were studied.

Conclusion: The literature review dictates the need for a more in-depth study of the connection between the development of various types of ROP with trigger factors and the mechanisms of their implementation, which will undoubtedly contribute to the development of differentiated and more effective treatment approaches.