Oligohydramnios as an unsolved problem of modern obstetrics

ABSTRACT

Oligohydramnios is a pressing issue in modern obstetrics. The prevalence of oligohydramnios ranges from 1 to 5%. The mechanisms of amniotic fluid (AF) formation remain unclear. Currently, there is no clear opinion on the effectiveness of clinical methods for assessing AF volume. The causes of oligohydramnios may include: maternal factors (maternal dehydration, hypertension, preeclampsia, uteroplacental insufficiency, chronic hypoxia, gestational diabetes); intake of certain medications (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs); placental causes; fetal: premature rupture of membranes, chromosomal abnormalities, genitourinary system abnormalities. Idiopathic or isolated oligohydramnios (IO) with unexplained etiology is also distinguished. At the present stage, there are no generally accepted methods for correcting oligohydramnios. The search for methods of treating oligohydramnios is underway: maternal hydration, amnioinfusion, transabdominal amniocentesis, etc. Oligohydramnios remains a pressing obstetric problem today, which significantly affects perinatal outcomes. Oligohydramnios and, to a large extent, the complete absence of AF are associated with an increase in the frequency of intrauterine fetal malformations, perinatal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The noted aspects require close attention and further large-scale studies.